Cywilizacja jako proces, część 1: Korzenie idei

Civilization as a process. Part 1: The roots of the idea. article is first installment in series reconstructing history idea civilization seen process and discussing its usefulness for contemporary civilizational studies. part text analyzes two term using latin words civilitas civitias. After pointing out ancient antecedents notion civilization, detail discourse Enlightenment, emphasizing Victor de Mirabeau’s Immanuel Kant’s con-tributions. This leads to conclusion that can on most general level be defined refinement society by ordering it law. In attaining civil society, understood collective bonded mutual respect prefering peaceful regulation over violence, becomes lawgiving subject. Even though cult good manners, become an emp-ty formalism, courtesy are still necessary conditions society’s existence. If we understand along such lines, remains worthy consant research, especially comparative studies, today.